AP Language and Composition—Essential Terms
Modes of Rhetoric
- Expository
- Classification
- Cause/Effect
- Comparison/Contrast
- Definition
- Analysis
- Description
- Narration
- Persuasion/Argument
Genres
- Allegory
- Autobiography
- Biography
- Chronicle
- Diary
- Essay
- Fiction/Non-fiction
- Parody
- Prose
- Satire
- Sermon
- Stream of Consciousness
Figures of Speech
- Analogy
- Apostrophe
- Cliché
- Conceit
- Epithet
- Euphemism
- Hyperbole
- Imagery
- Irony
- Verbal
- Situation
- Metaphor
- Extended
- Metonymy
- Oxymoron
- Paradox
- Personification
- Pun
- Simile
- Synaesthesia
- Synecdoche
- Understatement
Sound Devices
- Alliteration
- Onomatopoeia
Diction
- Connotation vs. Denotation
- Pedantic vs. Simple
- Monosyllabic vs. Polysyllabic
- Euphonious vs. Cacophonic
- Literal vs. Figurative
- Active vs. Passive
- Overstated vs. Understated
- Colloquial vs. Formal
- Non-standard
- Slang
- Jargon
Other/Literature/Rhetorical Terms
- Allusion
- Ambiguity
- Anachronism
- Aphorism
- Audience
- Invective
- Juxtaposition
- Malapropism
- Rhetorical Question
- Sensory Detail
- Shifts
- Tone
- Point of View
- Style
- Theme-Thesis
- Voice
Rhetorical Strategies:
Argument/Persuasion Terms
- Persuasion
- Argument
- Appeals
- Emotion (Pathos)
- Ethical (Ethos)
- Rational (Logos)
- Claim
- Deductive Reasoning
- Syllogism
- Inductive Reasoning
- Evidence/Data
- Pathos
- Warrant
- Logical Fallacies
- Ad Hominem Argument
- Begging the Question
- Doubtful Authority
- Either/Or Reasoning
- False Analogy
- Hasty Generalization
- Non-Sequitar
- Oversimplification
Syntax—Sentence Structure
- Order
- Basic
- Interrupted
- Inverted
- Listing
- Cumulative/Loose
- Parallelism
i. Balance
ii. Antithesis
iii. Chiasmus
- Periodic
- Sentence Types—Purpose
- Declarative
- Imperative
- Exclamatory
- Interrogative
- Sentence Types—Structure
- Simple
- Compound
- Complex
- Compound-Complex
D. Omission
- Ellipsis
- Asyndeton
- Addition/Repetition for Effect
- Anadiplosis
- Anaphora
- Epistrophe
- Punctuation
i. Parenthetical Aside
ii. Dashes
iii. Colon
iv. Semi-colon
- Polysyndeton